Secretos de los aditivos del PVC

TDD-global
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November 6, 2025, 10:40 AM
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Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a widely used thermoplastic valued for its low cost and versatility in applications such as pipes, profiles, films, and injection-molded parts. However, its high melt viscosity and poor thermal stability during processing can cause issues like melt adhesion, surface roughness, and discoloration. Effective lubrication is essential to overcome these challenges. PVC lubricants are categorized as internal or external: internal lubricants reduce intermolecular forces, improving melt flow and reducing degradation, while external lubricants form a protective film between the melt and equipment surfaces, enhancing release and preventing sticking. Common examples include stearic acid (internal) and paraffin or fatty amides (external). These lubricants work synergistically with additives like ACR processing aids—improving melt strength and surface quality—and impact modifiers such as CPE or MBS, which enhance toughness without compromising processability. Optimal performance requires precise balance in lubricant type and dosage, typically 0.1–1.0% for external and 0.5–3.0% for internal, depending on the application. In extrusion, balanced lubrication ensures smooth flow and demolding; in injection molding, internal lubricants and ACR improve filling and reduce defects; in film production, fatty amides provide slip and anti-blocking properties. Over-lubrication causes surface blooming and weakens mechanical properties, while under-lubrication leads to processing failure. Combining lubricants with functional additives creates a synergistic effect that enhances both process efficiency and product quality across diverse PVC applications.
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